Paper

Scaling Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Brain Encoding

PEFT for brain encoding: adapt large multimodal backbones with LoRA, using causal single-pass extraction instead of costly sliding windows.

arXiv ↗Oct 19, 2026Code ↗

  • llm
  • multimodal
  • brain encoding
  • lora
  • fmri
Method diagram contrasting sliding window vs single causal pass, showing core efficiency contribution
Method diagram contrasting sliding window vs single causal pass, showing core efficiency contribution

What it is

LoRA-adapts huge multimodal backbones for brain encoding, making fine-tuning practical with single-pass causal extraction and multi-LoRA training. Instead of frozen backbones plus giant readouts, it PEFT-adapts pretrained multimodal models with small LoRAs; causal single-pass extraction replaces sliding windows, enabling adaptation up to 104B params and large adapter ensembles.

Key results

  • 0.327 ID and 0.228 OOD, beating MIRAGE's 0.310/0.217 single model
  • 261-model ensemble scores 0.343 ID and 0.248 OOD, top public leaderboard
  • Single-pass extraction cuts feature cost about 350x vs prior sliding-window setup

Shows small neural-data adapters can beat frozen-backbone systems with much larger readouts for whole-brain encoding.

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