Paper

UNREAL: Unifying Retrieval and Long-Context with a Single Model

A model-native selector that reads a frozen LLM's internal states to rank chunks, replacing external retrieval and pruning long prompts before generation.

arXiv ↗Oct 6, 2026

  • nlp
  • llm
  • retrieval-augmented generation
  • long-context
  • multi-hop qa
Pipeline diagram showing retrieval and generation method with learnable components
Pipeline diagram showing retrieval and generation method with learnable components

What it is

A frozen LLM is turned into both a corpus retriever and long-context selector using its own internal states, with under 500K trained params. Instead of using an external retriever or full-context reading, it ranks evidence from the frozen LLM's residual states. The same tiny module handles corpus retrieval and long-context chunk selection across decoder-only and hybrid backbones.

Key results

  • HotpotQA recall@10: 73.2% vs 49.1% for best retriever-reranker baseline
  • 2Wiki recall@10: 60.1% vs 31.7% baseline on 21M Wikipedia chunks
  • NoLiMa at 128K: 24.83% accuracy vs 1.0% with full-context inference

Shows one small internal retrieval head can unify corpus-scale RAG and sparse-evidence long-context inference without backbone finetuning.

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