Paper

DiffusionGemma Technical Report

Turns an AR Gemma 4 MoE into a discrete diffusion LLM that refines 256-token canvases in parallel, then compresses sampling with RL and distillation.

arXiv ↗Jul 31, 2026

  • nlp
  • llm
  • diffusion models
  • text generation
  • mixture-of-experts
Pipeline diagram showing training method from Gemma to DiffusionGemma
Pipeline diagram showing training method from Gemma to DiffusionGemma

What it is

An open-weight LLM that swaps token-by-token decoding for discrete diffusion over 256-token blocks, delivering much faster text generation from a fine-tuned Gemma 4 base. Instead of training a text diffusion model from scratch or decoding sequentially, it fine-tunes Gemma 4 into a bidirectional discrete diffuser that denoises 256-token blocks in parallel, then uses RL plus sampler distillation to cut denoising steps while keeping AR and multimodal abilities.

Key results

  • ~1,500 output tokens/s on 1× H100 across the eval suite
  • ~20 tokens per forward pass vs ~3-6 for speculative AR decoding
  • Uses <10% of the starting AR model's total training token budget

Shows an AR LLM can be converted into a high-speed diffusion generator with modest extra training while preserving much of the base model's functionality.

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