Paper

Search Beyond What Can Be Taught: Evolving the Knowledge Boundary in Agentic Visual Generation

A search-augmented T2I setup that replaces indiscriminate retrieval with generator-adaptive search, learned via teach-then-search co-training.

arXiv ↗Jul 9, 2026Code ↗

  • cv
  • llm
  • text-to-image
  • retrieval-augmented generation
  • benchmarking
Pipeline diagram comparing Prompt Rewrite vs SearchGen method with multimodal context
Pipeline diagram comparing Prompt Rewrite vs SearchGen method with multimodal context

What it is

Builds a benchmark and co-training setup for search-augmented image generation that learns when search helps and when it adds noise. Instead of blind search on every prompt, it learns a generator-specific knowledge boundary: co-train a gated search reasoner and the generator so search is used only for knowledge the model cannot internalize.

Key results

  • Open generators score just 21-28/100 on SearchGen-Bench
  • Search-intensive prompts cause about a 40-point drop vs NoSearch
  • Adaptive search improves monotonically over no search and blind search

Search helps visual generation only when it is calibrated to the generator's changing knowledge boundary; otherwise retrieval noise hurts.

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