Paper

Continual Learning Mechanisms Compose for Long-Horizon Memorization

Composes replay, self-distillation, weight regularization, and merged LoRA, rather than relying on any single continual-learning mechanism.

arXiv ↗Sep 7, 2026Code ↗

  • llm
  • nlp
  • continual learning
  • catastrophic forgetting
  • lora
Method diagram showing anchors and LoRA update pipeline for continual learning
Method diagram showing anchors and LoRA update pipeline for continual learning

What it is

Studies 100-task continual QA memorization in LMs and shows that combining replay, self-distillation, weight regularization, and merged LoRA greatly reduces forgetting. Instead of seeking one best continual-learning trick, it composes complementary anti-forgetting mechanisms: data, function, and weight anchors, plus merged LoRA to isolate successive updates.

Key results

  • 34.9% avg final retention vs 1.2% for naive sequential fine-tuning
  • Best single mechanism gets 8.1%; full composition reaches 34.9% avg
  • Top composition ranks among top 3 methods on all 3 100-task datasets

Long-horizon LM memory benefits most from combining complementary retention constraints with explicit low-rank update allocation.

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